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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Воронежский научно-технический вестник</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2311-8873</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">59168</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34220/2311-8873-2023-117-131</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject></subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ANALYSIS OF THE TRIBOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED VEGETABLE OILS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN ROAD TRANSPORT</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АНАЛИЗ ТРИБОТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАСЕЛ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НА АВТОМОБИЛЬНОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Медведев</surname>
       <given-names>Илья Николаевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Medvedev</surname>
       <given-names>Ilya Nikolaevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Савченко</surname>
       <given-names>Станислав Игоревич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Savchenko</surname>
       <given-names>Stanislav Igorevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жужукин</surname>
       <given-names>Константин Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhuzhukin</surname>
       <given-names>Konstantin Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Жужукин</surname>
       <given-names>Николай Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhuzhukin</surname>
       <given-names>Nikolai Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18T09:59:12+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-18T09:59:12+03:00">
    <day>18</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2023</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>1</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>117</fpage>
   <lpage>131</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-13T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>13</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2023</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vntv.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/59168/view">https://vntv.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/59168/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Ресурсо- и энергосбережение является важной глобальной проблемой. Смазочные материалы на основе растительных масел приобретают все большее значение на рынке промышленных смазочных материалов из-за их биоразлагаемости, возобновляемости, минимального воздействия на окружающую среду, отличных трибологических характеристик и строгих экологических норм. В этой обзорной статье рассмотрены различные аспекты биосмазок, такие как химический состав различных растительных масел, методы химической модификации, используемые для синтеза биосмазок, физико-химические и реологические свойства биосмазок, трибологические характеристики биосмазок в различных условиях, а также различные наночастицы, используемые для повышения производительности биосмазок. Кроме того, рассмотрены перспективы применения биосмазок в автомобильном транспорте.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Resource and energy saving is an important global problem. Vegetable oil based lubricants are becoming increasingly important in the industrial lubricants market due to their biodegradability, renewability, minimal environmental impact, excellent tribological performance and stringent environmental regulations. This review article discusses various aspects of biolubricants, such as the chemical composition of various vegetable oils, chemical modification methods used to synthesize biolubricants, the physicochemical and rheological properties of biolubricants, the tribological characteristics of biolubricants under various conditions, and various nanoparticles used to improve performance. biolubricants. In addition, the prospects for the use of bio-lubricants in road transport are considered.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ТРИБОЛОГИЯ</kwd>
    <kwd>БИОСМАЗКА</kwd>
    <kwd>НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ</kwd>
    <kwd>ПРИСАДКИ</kwd>
    <kwd>СИНТЕЗ</kwd>
    <kwd>АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЙ ТРАНСПОРТ</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>TRIBOLOGY</kwd>
    <kwd>BIOLUBRICATION</kwd>
    <kwd>NANOPARTICLES</kwd>
    <kwd>ADDITIVES</kwd>
    <kwd>SYNTHESIS</kwd>
    <kwd>AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p>1 Состояние вопроса исследования и актуальность работыЗначительный прогресс в промышленном производстве, распространении автомобильного транспорта и неуклонный рост человеческих потребностей привели к увеличению использования различных механических устройств и агрегатов, для обеспечения бесперебойной работы и максимальной эффективности которых необходимо применение смазочных материалов [1]. Спрос на смазочные материалы резко возрос в связи с промышленной революцией и ростом продаж автомобилей. Согласно исследованию мирового рынка, в 2019 году было использовано 36,8 млн. тонн смазочных материалов, с прогнозируемым увеличением спроса примерно на 2,1% каждый год. В 2020 году объем мирового рынка смазочных материалов оценивался в 125,81 млрд. долларов США. Кроме того, ожидается, что в период с 2021 по 2028 год рынок будет расти в среднем на 3,7%. Продажи и производство смазочных материалов играет жизненно важную роль в экономике страны, поскольку быстрое истощение запасов ископаемого топлива вызывает внезапные колебания цен на смазочные материалы [2]. Трибологические исследования показывают, что одна треть механической энергии теряется в виде тепла в процессе трения между поверхностями. В автомобильном машиностроении 30 % потерь энергии приходится на элементы включающие подшипниковые или трущиеся поверхности (поршневой узел, систему трансмиссии, подшипники, распределительный и коленчатый вал, клапанный механизм и т. д). Контроль трибологических характеристик с помощью смазочных материалов может приводить к экономии энергии на 40–50 %. [3]. Основной функцией смазочного материала является создание защитного слоя между трущимися поверхностями и предотвращение их трения и износа. Кроме того, смазка может быть использована для отвода тепла от поверхностей, защиты от окисления и коррозии, транспортировки загрязнений к фильтрам, обеспечения демпфирующего и амортизирующего эффекта и герметизации. К современным смазочным материалам предъявляются высокие требования такие как: высокий индекс вязкости, широкий диапазон рабочих температур, высокая термическая стабильность, низкий износ и коэффициент трения, а также высокая стойкость к коррозионному окислению. Основные классы смазочных масел представлены на рисунке 1 [4]. Спрос на смазочные масла неуклонно растет, а традиционные смазочные материалы на основе минеральных масел несут в себе ряд экологических проблем: не поддаются биологическому разложению, напрямую загрязняют почвы и грунтовые воды, сокращают рост деревьев и продолжительность жизни водных организмов, являются истощаемым ресурсом, загрязняют воздух летучими и токсичными компонентами. Рисунок 1 – Основные классы смазочных материалов Степень биоразлагаемости смазочных материалов на нефтяной основе составляет от 10 до 30 %. Современная индустрия смазочных материалов становится все более экологически ответственной, уделяя особое внимание устойчивости и сохранению окружающей среды за счет экологически чистых смазочных материалов на биологической и растительной основе. Мировые экологические инициативы значительно возросли в связи с повышением цен на нефтяное масло, истощения углеводородных запасов и строгих правительствен­ных постановлений об использовании минерального масла. Растущая озабоченность по поводу воздействия минеральных смазочных материалов на окружающую среду и истощения запасов ископаемого топлива побуждает исследователей искать смазочные материалы на биологической основе [5].Существуют исследования, в которых природные материалы, такие как растительное масла и животные жиры, рассматриваются в качестве потенциального источника для производства смазочных материалов из-за наличия в их составе более высокого содержания жирных кислот с целью применения их в автомобильном транспорте. Применение данных смазочных материалов в автомобилях зависят от длины углеродной цепи, степени ненасыщенности, типа функциональной группы, разветвленной природы соединения.Передовые исследования в области новых смазочных материалов, использования присадок и наночастиц могут значительно снизить влияние трения и износа в машинах. В связи с этим целью данной статьи является всесторонний обзор литературы в области использования смазочных материалов на биологической основе и различных компонентов данных масел с учетом их трибологических, физико-химических, реологических свойств и дисперсионных свойств.</p>
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